James Baldwin

I want to create a series of posts about some key people as part of this glossary. As an interim measure, here are a few links about James Baldwin - I will refer to this post in future, rather than doing a new Internet search every time I mention this great person: 

• https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Baldwin;
• https://nmaahc.si.edu/james-baldwin;
• https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/james-baldwin-about-the-author/59/; 
• https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/james-baldwin; and 
• https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Baldwin&oldid=1169415986.
  

 

 

Nelson Mandela

I want to create a series of posts about some key people as part of this glossary. As an interim measure, here are a few links about Nelson Mandela - I will refer to this post in future, rather than doing a new Internet search every time I mention him: 

• https://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography; 
• https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1993/mandela/biographical/; 
• https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nelson-Mandela; 
• https://www.britannica.com/summary/Nelson-Mandela; 
• https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nelson_Mandela&oldid=1172441776; 
• https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Invictus_(film)&oldid=1173049312;  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandela:_Long_Walk_to_Freedom&oldid=1167830281; and 
• https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/nelson-mandela-fought-apartheid-work-not-complete.
  

 

Active Protection / psychic disarmament

See https://gnwmythr.blogspot.com/2023/08/post-no-2548-active-protection.html.

Cure Violence (organisation)

An organisation which developed out of an epidemiologist noticing that violence spread like diseases do.

The Cure Violence organisation trains “interrupters” - people with skills at defusing situations that could become violent - in a wide range of neighbourhoods, and when an incidence of violence occurs, those people work at managing responses to those events.

From their website (link below), the “Cure Violence” model includes : 

• Detecting and interrupting conflicts : 

• prevent retaliations;
• mediate ongoing conflicts;
• keep conflicts “cool”;

• Identifying and treating the highest risk individuals : 

• access highest risk;
• change behaviours;
• provide treatment;

• Changing social norms : 

• respond to every shooting;
• organise community;
• spread positive norms.

The website also includes the following : 

“The Cure Violence approach has also been adapted many times to new contexts and new types of violence.  Cure Violence has either implemented or is working on adaptations for : 

• domestic violence
• gender-based violence
• belief-inspired violence
• sectarian violence
• prison violence
• post-conflict violence
• election violence
• school/mass shootings
• suicide.”

See : 

• https://cvg.org/what-we-do/;
• https://cvg.org/the-big-idea/;
• https://training.cvg.org/;
• https://cvg.org/what-we-do/;
• https://nationalgangcenter.ojp.gov/insights/25/cure-violence-the-interrupters;
• https://www.peaceinsight.org/en/organisations/cure-violence/?location=usa&theme; and
• https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cure_Violence&oldid=1056899291, which includes the following : 
  “Originally developed under the name "CeaseFire" in 2000, U.S. epidemiologist Gary Slutkin launched the model in West Garfield, the most violent community in Chicago at the time. During CeaseFire's first year, shootings dropped by 67 percent. CeaseFire received additional funding from the State of Illinois in 2004 to immediately expand from 5 to 15 communities and from 20 to 80 outreach workers.
  A three-year evaluation of the Chicago implementation by the U.S. Department of Justice in 2009 found shootings and killings were reduced by 41 percent to 73 percent, shooting hot spots were reduced in size and intensity, and retaliatory murders were eliminated.”